Animal fats are advantageous over vegetable oils due to their lower cost, as they emerge as by-products in the processing of meat. Additionally, utilizing animal fats can contribute to the resource recovery of waste materials, potentially accelerating environmental pollution.
However, biodiesel produced from animal fats tends to contain a significant amount of saturated hydrocarbon-forming fatty acid methyl esters, leading to poor cold-flow properties, particularly solidification at low temperatures.
Biodiesel synthesized from duck oil, while exhibiting suboptimal low-temperature characteristics that may make it challenging for winter use, can still meet the quality specifications for seasonal automotive diesel fuel as defined by the domestic Petroleum and Alternative Fuels Act.
Therefore, it appears that biodiesel blends of 2.5% and 20% can be considered as potential domestic alternatives for the future use of alternative fuels.